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默想對心身健康的好處
有大量的學術研究顯示出默想(Mindfulness Meditation)對心理和生理慢性疾病的功效,例如︰心身症、情緒低落、焦慮、肌肉痛症、牛皮癬、暴食症、多發性硬化、甚至癌症。
慢性痛方面,Kabat-Zinn的研究2,3,4透過測量情緒,精神及醫學上的徵狀,痛楚等項目的下降指數,顯示出 默想可以加強學員的心理適應性。
Kaplan他們的一項研究5發現59個患有肌肉痛症的病患當中,有30個從「肌肉痛症整體狀態問卷」上表現出有25至50%的好轉。
Kristeller和Hallet的研究7發現默想明顯地減低暴食症患者每週暴食的分量及次數。另外,學習默想的暴食症患者在控制飲食、食慾及飽足的感覺都有所提升。
Kabat-Zinn等人的研究6發現,使用默想配合光學治療的牛皮癬患者相對單靠光學治療的牛皮癬患者,可減低30至40日的皮膚變淨率(Skin Clearing Rate)。
Saxe他們的一項研究8發現10名前列腺癌復發者及其同伴接受了配合營養班的默想訓練後,持續上升的前列腺特異抗原(PSA)指數有所下降,而估計的前列腺特異抗原指數平均加倍時間(Mean Doubling Time)亦由接受MBSR訓練前的6.5個月增多至接受默想訓練前的17.7個月。此研究提出默想可幫助前列腺癌復發者消除失落感、緩和過度自我保護的行為和促進自我康復。
在心理方面,幾項研究1,9都顯示出默想可以幫助學員找尋放鬆的感覺;提升了的專注力令學員能夠從容面對生活上的壓力,並且更有彈性適應突如其來的轉變。
以上種種研究都顯示出默想對慢性的心因症都有所幫助。另外,默想亦能加強自我調整的能力、處理突變的能力、減低心理和生理的壓力,從而提升一個人或是慢性病患者的生活素質。
參考文獻: 1. Bekker M, Croon M, Vermaas S. Inner body and outward appearance – the relationship between orientation toward outward appearance, body awareness and symptom perception. J Personality and Individual Differences, 2002;33:213-225 2. Kabat-Zinn J. An outpatient in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: preliminary considerations and preliminary results. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1982;4:33-47 3. Kabat-Zinn J, Lipworth L, Burney R. The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain. J Behav Med. 1985;8:163-190 4. Kabat-Zinn J, Lipworth L, Burney R, Sellers W. Four-year follow-up of a mindfulness-based program for the self-regulation of chronic pain: treatment outcomes and compliance. Clin J Pain. 198;:2:159-173 5. Kabat-Zinn J, Wheeler E, Light T. et al. Influence of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention on rates of skin clearing in patients with moderate to severe psoariasis undergoing phototherapy (UVB) and photochemotherapy (PUVA). Psychosom Med. 1998;60:625-632 6. Kaplan KH, Goldenberg DL, Galvin-Nadeau M. The impact of a meditation-based stress reduction program on fibromyalgia. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1992;15:284-289 7. Kodish, Bruce. Back Pain Solutions: How to Help Yourself with Posture-Movement Therapy and Education. Pasadena, CA: Extensional Publishing, 2001. 8. Kristeller J, Hallett CB. An exploratory study of a meditation-based intervention for binge eating disorder. J Health Psychol. 1999;4:357-363 9. Landsman-Dijkrstra J, Van Wijck R, Groothoff J, Rispens P. The short term effects of a body awareness program: better self-management of health problems for individuals with chronic a-specific psychosomatic symptoms. J Patient Education and Counseling. 2004;55:155-167
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| Copyright 2006 Humanistic T&T Institute. All rights reserved. | Last Updated : Mar 1 2006. |